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ASCII

For other uses, see ASCII (disambiguation). Not to be confused with MS Windows-1252 or other types of extended ASCII.

ASCII
ASCII chart from MIL-STD-188-100 (1972)
MIME / IANAus-ascii
Alias(es)ISO-IR-006,[1] ANSI_X3.4-1968, ANSI_X3.4-1986, ISO_646.irv:1991, ISO646-US, us, IBM367, cp367[2]
Language(s)primarily English; also supports Malay, Rotokas, Interlingua, Ido, and X-SAMPA
ClassificationISO/IEC 646 series
Extensions
Preceded byITA 2, FIELDATA
Succeeded byISO/IEC 8859, ISO/IEC 10646 (Unicode)

ASCII (/ˈæskiː/ ⓘ ASS-kee),[3]: 6  an acronym for American Standard Code for Information Interchange, is a character encoding standard for representing a particular set of 95 (English language focused) printable and 33 control characters – a total of 128 code points. The set of available punctuation had significant impact on the syntax of computer languages and text markup. ASCII hugely influenced the design of character sets used by modern computers; for example the first 128 code points of Unicode are the same as ASCII.

ASCII encodes each code-point as a value from 0 to 127 – storable as a seven-bit integer.[4] Ninety-five code-points are printable, including digits 0 to 9, lowercase letters a to z, uppercase letters A to Z, and commonly used punctuation symbols. For example, the letter i is represented as 105 (decimal). Also, ASCII specifies 33 non-printing control codes which originated with Teletype devices; most of which are now obsolete.[5] The control characters that are still commonly used include carriage return, line feed, and tab.

ASCII lacks code-points for characters with diacritical marks and therefore does not directly support terms or names such as résumé, jalapeño, or Beyoncé. But, depending on hardware and software support, some diacritical marks can be rendered by overwriting a letter with and backtick (`) or tilde (~).

Despite being an American standard, ASCII does not have a code point for the cent (¢).

The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) prefers the name US-ASCII for this character encoding.[2]

ASCII is one of the IEEE milestones.[6]

  1. ^ ANSI (1975-12-01). ISO-IR-6: ASCII Graphic character set (PDF). ITSCJ/IPSJ.
  2. ^ a b "Character Sets". Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA). 2007-05-14. Retrieved 2019-08-25.
  3. ^ Mackenzie, Charles E. (1980). Coded Character Sets, History and Development (PDF). The Systems Programming Series (1 ed.). Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, Inc. pp. 6, 66, 211, 215, 217, 220, 223, 228, 236–238, 243–245, 247–253, 423, 425–428, 435–439. ISBN 978-0-201-14460-4. LCCN 77-90165. Archived (PDF) from the original on May 26, 2016. Retrieved August 25, 2019.
  4. ^ Shirley, R. (August 2007). Internet Security Glossary, Version 2. doi:10.17487/RFC4949. RFC 4949. Retrieved 2016-06-13.
  5. ^ Maini, Anil Kumar (2007). Digital Electronics: Principles, Devices and Applications. John Wiley and Sons. p. 28. ISBN 978-0-470-03214-5. In addition, it defines codes for 33 nonprinting, mostly obsolete control characters that affect how the text is processed.
  6. ^ "Milestone-Proposal:ASCII MIlestone - IEEE NJ Coast Section". IEEE Milestones Wiki. 2016-03-29. Retrieved 2024-02-26.
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