The Battle of Millarapue that occurred November 30, 1557 was intended by the ToquiCaupolicán as a Mapuche ambush of the Spanish army of García Hurtado de Mendoza that resulted in a Spanish victory when the ambush failed.
^Diego de Rosales, “Historia General del Reino de Chile”, Flandes Indiano, Tomo II, Capitulo XII, XIII, XIV. This would seem to imply that Lautaro Turcupichun was the toqui of the northern Butalmapu of the Mapuche, as Ainavillo had been before him.
^ abcLobera,Crónica del Reino de Chile, Libro 2, Capítulo IV.
^Lobera,Crónica del Reino de Chile, Libro 2, Capítulo IV. According to Marmolejo, Historia, Cap. XXVI, only 10,000 Mapuche in two divisions were actually engaged, a third division marching to attack the Spanish rear did not arrive in time.