Back يهود مسيانيون Arabic يهود مسيانيون ARZ Месиански юдаизъм Bulgarian Judaisme messiànic Catalan Mesiánský judaismus Czech Messiansk jødedom Danish Messianische Juden German Μεσσιανικός Ιουδαϊσμός Greek Mesiaj Hebreoj Esperanto Judaísmo mesiánico Spanish
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Messianic Judaism is a syncretic[1] Abrahamic religious sect that combines Christian theology with select elements of Judaism. It considers itself to be a form of Judaism but is generally considered to be a form of Christianity,[2][3] including by all mainstream Jewish religious movements. Mainstream Jews consider the belief that Jesus was the Messiah and a divine being in the form of God the Son (and the doctrine of the Trinity, in general) to be among the most defining distinctions between Christianity and Judaism. It is also generally considered a Christian sect by scholars and other Christian groups.[4][5]
It emerged in the United States between the 1960s and 1970s from the earlier Hebrew Christian movement,[6][7] and was most prominently propelled through the non-profit organization Jews for Jesus founded in 1973 by Martin "Moishe" Rosen, an American minister in the Conservative Baptist Association.[8][9]
Messianic Jews adhere to conventional Christian doctrine, including the concept of salvation by believing in Jesus (referred to by the Hebrew name Yeshua among adherents) as the Jewish Messiah and humanity’s redeemer, and in the spiritual authority of the Bible (including the Hebrew Bible and New Testament).[10][11][12]
In Hebrew, Messianics tend to identify themselves with the terms maaminim (מאמינים, lit. 'believers') and yehudim (יְהוּדִים, lit. 'Jews') in opposition to being identified as notzrim (נוצרים, lit. 'Christians').[a][13] Jewish organizations inside and outside of Israel reject this framing. The Supreme Court of Israel declared Messianic Judaism a Christian sect for purposes of the Law of Return.[14][15]
- ^ Kessler 2005, p. 292: "[Messianic Judaism's] syncretism confuses Christians and Jews…"
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
Melton2005was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Ariel 2013, pp. 35–57.
- ^ See:
- Ariel 2000, p. 223
- Cohn-Sherbok 2000, p. 179
- Foreman 2006, p. 399
- ^ Ben Barka, Mokhtar (December 2012). "The New Christian Right's relations with Israel and with the American Jews: the mid-1970s onward". E-Rea. 10 (1). Aix-en-Provence and Marseille: Centre pour l'Édition Électronique Ouverte on behalf of Aix-Marseille University. doi:10.4000/erea.2753. ISSN 1638-1718. S2CID 191364375.
The Jews have cause to worry because Evangelicals are active on both fronts, promoting support for the State of Israel, and evangelizing the Jews at the same time. While the Israeli government eagerly accepts public support of Evangelicals and courts the leaders of the New Christian Right, many Jews bitterly condemn Christian proselytism and try their best to restrict the activities of missionaries in Israel. "Jews for Jesus" and other Christian Jewish groups in Israel have become especially effective in evangelizing, often with the support of foreign Evangelicals. It is not surprising that Jewish leaders, both in the United States and Israel, react strongly to "Jews for Jesus" and the whole "Messianic Jewish" movement, whose concern is to promote awareness among the Jews as to God's real plans for humanity and the need to accept Jesus as a Savior. In this respect, Gershom Gorenberg lamented the fact that "people who see Israel through the lens of Endtimes prophecy are questionable allies, whose support should be elicited only in the last resort. In the long run, their apocalyptic agenda has no room for Israel as a normal country."
- ^ Cohn-Sherbok 2010, p. 100: "In the 1970s a number of American Jewish converts to Christianity, known as Hebrew Christians, were committed to a church-based conception of Hebrew Christianity. Yet, at the same time, there emerged a growing segment of the Hebrew Christian community that sought a more Jewish lifestyle. Eventually, a division emerged between those who wished to identify as Jews and those who sought to pursue Hebrew Christian goals.[…] In time, the name of the movement was changed to Messianic Judaism."
- ^ Lewis 2001, p. 179: "The origins of Messianic Judaism date to the 1960s when it began among American Jews who converted to Christianity."
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