Monocotyledon

Monocotyledons Temporal range: Early Cretaceous – Recent PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N
Diversity of monocots which includes wheat (Triticum), taro (Colocasia esculenta), date palm, (Phoenix dactylifera), Zostera marina, lily (Lilium), Pandanus heterocarpus, and ginger (Zingiber officinale)
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Clade:	Tracheophytes
Clade:	Angiosperms
Clade:	Monocots
Type genus
Lilium L.[1]
Orders
alismatid monocots Acorales Alismatales lilioid monocots Asparagales Dioscoreales Liliales Pandanales Petrosaviales commelinids Arecales Commelinales Poales Zingiberales
Synonyms
Alternifoliae Bessey[2] Endogenae DC.[3] Lilianae Takht.[4][5] Liliatae Cronquist, Takht. & W.Zimm.[a][1] Liliidae Takht.[b][5][8] Liliopsida Batsch[9] Monocotyleae Eichler[10] Monocotyledonae E.Morren ex Mez[11][c] Monocotyledones

Monocotyledons (/ˌmɒnəˌkɒtəˈliːdənz/),^[d][13][14] commonly referred to as monocots, (Lilianae sensu Chase & Reveal) are flowering plants whose seeds contain only one embryonic leaf, or cotyledon. A monocot taxon has been in use for several decades, but with various ranks and under several different names. The APG IV system recognises its monophyly but does not assign it to a taxonomic rank, and instead uses the term "monocots" to refer to the group.

Monocotyledons are contrasted with the dicotyledons, which have two cotyledons. Unlike the monocots however, the dicots are not monophyletic and the two cotyledons are instead the ancestral characteristic of all flowering plants. Botanists now classify dicots into the eudicots ("true dicots") and several basal lineages from which the monocots emerged.

The monocots are extremely important economically, culturally, and ecologically, and make up a majority of plant biomass used in agriculture. Common crops such as dates, onions, garlic, rice, wheat, maize, and sugarcane are all monocots. The grasses alone cover over 40% of Earth's land area^[e][15] and contribute a significant portion of the human diet. Other monocots, like orchids, tulips, daffodils, and lilies are common houseplants and have been the subjects of several celebrations, holidays, and artworks for thousands of years.

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